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— 





ST. MARY’S 






IRON LANDS. 






r 





































Foidoui Placeholder 


This foldout is being digitized and will be 
inserted at a future date. 



















* 

ST. MARY’S CANAL 
MINERAL LAND COMPANY. 


REPORTS 

UPON THE 

VALUE OF THE COMPANY’S LANDS 


LOCATED IN THE 


IRON REGION OE LAKE SUPERIOR, 


County of Marquette, State of Michigan. 


) > 
) ) 5 


/ 


BOSTON: 

WRIGHT & POTTER, PRINTERS, 4 SPRING LANE. 

1 8 64. 













I 







I 1ST D E X . 


• - 

Tage. 

General Report upon the whole Iron Lands, by Henry d’Aligny, 

Resident Agent,.5 

♦ 

Table of Analyses made by Prof. George J. Brush and Messrs. Dubois 
and Williams, of Philadelphia,.11 

Report, No. 1. Explorations on Section 12. (T. 47 N., R. 27 W.) 24 

Report, No. 2. Explorations on Section 21. (T. 47 N., R. 37 W.) 27 

Report, No. 3. Explorations on Section 23 and E.£ of S. E.^, 

Section 22. (T. 47 N., R. 27 W.).29 

Report, No. 4. Explorations on Section 26. (T. 47 N., R. 27 W.) 32 

Report of S. W. Hill, late U. S. D. G. . . . . . . 35* 

Description of the 33,487 40-100 acres of Iron Lands owned by the 
Company in County of Marquette,.41 

Recapitulation; showing how much land the Company owns in each 
Township,.42 

Results of Analyses of Jos. C. Kent, Esq., of Cooper Iron Works, . 51 












































































































, 


























IRON REGION OF LAKE SUPERIOR, 

(STATE OF MICHIGAN.) 

# 


St. Mary’s Canal Mineral Land Company, ) 
Resident Agent's Office, Houghton, L. S., Mich., > 

January, 1864. ) 

To Horatio Bigelow, Esq., Land Agent :— 

REPORT 

UPON THE VALUE OF THE LANDS OWNED BY THE COMPANY, AND LOCATED IN 

THE COUNTY OF MARQUETTE. 

The St. Mary’s Canal Mineral Land Company owns thirty- 
three thousand (33,000) acres of land, located in the county 
of Marquette. 

By thorough explorations, geological surveys or rapid 
reconnoissances, 18,000 acres have proved to be, or are con¬ 
sidered as mineral lands of great value. 

The balance, 15,000 acres, is thus far pronounced to be 
agricultural lands, being covered with dense forests of maple, 
and located at a short distance from blast furnaces or near 
the centre of population, and also in close proximity to roads 
and railways, when not crossed by the same. These lands 
will soon become valuable for charcoal and farming pur¬ 
poses. They are shaded in red on the annexed map. 
(Township 47 north of Range 25 west, and also Township 
48 north of Manges 25 and 26 west.) 

Geography and Geology. 

The iron region is bounded on either side by a large for¬ 
mation of granite. Thus far the principal deposits of iron 
have been found connected with a belt of crystalline schists 
and intercalated trappean rocks. 



6 


The village of Marquette has been thus far the only outlet 
for the iron district. As early as 1858 a railroad was built, 
and is now in good running order for fifteen miles, from 
Marquette to S. E. Quarter of Sec. 21, T. 47 N. R. 29 IV. 

Since the discovery of the iron district, mining and explor¬ 
ations have been entirely confined to Township 47, north of 
Ranges 26 and 27 west. *Two causes may be assigned for 
this: 1st. The close proximity of this territory to the ship¬ 
ping point. 2d. The result of examinations has proved this 
district to be unprecedently rich in specular and magnetic 
oxyde of iron, and that so far as relates to the magnitude 
of the masses and the purity of the ores , it stands unrivalled. 

Almost all the iron lands owned by this company are 
located in the two above-mentioned townships. 

The interesting formation that contains the iron deposits 
of Lake Superior, is like that of Missouri and Sweden, 
belonging to a system of metamorpliic rocks, in which the 
mineral forms large mountains, capable of furnishing the 
purest and richest iron ore, in inexhaustible quantities. 

It must be mentioned here that as the iron deposits of 
Lake Superior form regular mountains, from 50 to 250 feet 
high, the processes and cost of mining the ore are more sim¬ 
ple and much cheaper than anywhere else. 

Mining. 

The flanks of the mountains are quarried in the open air. 
The railroad track is built at the foot of the mountains, and 
the ore, as soon as blasted down, is loaded into the cars, and 
then carried off to the shipping point. 

Cost per Ton of 2,000 Pounds. 

Thus far the cost for quarrying and loading cars is fifty 
cents per ton of 2,000 pounds. The work is done by labor¬ 
ers paid by the day. As soon as good miners are introduced, 
and are employed on long contracts, the cost for quarrying 
and loading ore into cars, can surely be reduced to 37 cents 
per ton. 



7 


» 


The cost per ton of ore, also, can be greatly reduced, and 
the production of ore can be much increased by the introduc¬ 
tion of substantial boring or drilling machines. 

JacTcson , Cleveland and Lake Superior Mines. 

Three companies only are prosecuting regular mining. 
They are the Jackson, Cleveland and Lake Superior, all 
located in the northern portion of Township 47, north of 
Range 27 west. Below is the result of the shipment of the 
three mines since the beginning of their operations. 


Shipments of Iron Ore , in tons of 2,240 Ihs. 


YEARS. 

Jackson 

Iron Co. 

Cleveland 

Iron Co. 

Lake Superior 
Iron Co. 

Gross Tons. 

1855, .... 

— 

1,447 

— 

1,447 

1856, . . ... 

4,497 

7,100 

— 

11,597 

1857, .... 

13,912 

12,272 

— 

26,184 

1858, .... 

11,104 

. 19,931 

— 

31,035 

1859, .... 

10,062 

30,344 

24,668 

65,674 

1860, .... 

41,286 

42,696 

• 

33,016 

116,998 

1861, .... 

12,919 

7,311 

25,200 

45,430 

1862, .... 

42,767 

35,244 

37,710 

115,721 

1863, .... 

70,486 

50,515 

82,796 

203,797 

Total amount shipped since 1855 


• • 

627,883 


Those three mines are working in the same range of hills, 
which can be traced through the lands belonging to this Com¬ 
pany, namely, Section 17, Section 18, (T. 47, N. R., 27 IV.) 
Also, Section 13 and Section 24, (T. 47, N. R., 28 W.) 

Explorations were very successful last summer (1863) on 
the following tracts of land belonging to this Company. 
























8 


Especial reports for each tract are annexed to this state¬ 
ment :— 


Section 12, (Township 47, North Range , 27 West .) 

[See annexed Report, No. 1, page 22.] 

Section 12, (T. 47, N. R., 27 W.,) a bed of hematite, com¬ 
pletely filled with pyrolusite, or binoxide of manganese. This 
hematite will be especially valuable for .the manufacture of 
steel and tough iron. When it contains too much manganese, 
it could be mixed up with other lean ore, and make very 
* good iron. This bed of hematite lies within half a mile of 
the railroad. 

North Half of North-west Quarter, Section 21, ( Township 47, North Range , 

27 IT.) 

[See annexed Report, No. 2, page 25.] 

A large mountain of peroxide of iron traverses this eighty- 
acre lot from east to west, and can also be traced through 
this Company’s lands, Section 20 and Section 19, (T. 47, 
N. R., 27 W.) The deposit of iron appears to be sometimes 
massive specular iron, and occasionally the ore is stratified 
in a slate-like manner. 

The Marquette and Bay de Noque Railroad crosses this 
tract, and mining operations can be commenced at once. 

Section 23, (Township 47, North Range , 27 West .) 

[See annexed Report, No. 3, page 27.] 

The explorations have been very extensive and thorough 
in this section, and disclosed the best beds of hematite 
ever seen in this district. Also, in the south-east quarter of 
this section, a very valuable bed of slate-iron was discovered 
and exposed. (This term slate-iron, means iron stratified 
like slate.) 

One of these mountains of hematite is 1,320 feet in length, 
300 feet in width, and averages 50 feet in height,—thus 
giving 19,800,000 cubic feet. A cubic foot of iron ore, of 
60 per cent., weighs 292 pounds. The result, then, is 




9 


5,781,600,000 pounds, or 2,890,800 tons ; worth—at the 
very low estimate of 40 cents per ton—$1,146,320. [The 
present price for ore is $5.00 at Marquette. Cost, $2.50 ; 
leaving $2.50 clear profit to the Company.] 

Assuming an annual shipment of 100,000 tons, it will take 
twenty-nine years to level this mountain; and then an inex¬ 
haustible amount of iron will be left below. 

The mountain of slate-iron that lies on the south-east 
quarter of Section 23 will yield about the same amount of 
iron. 

♦ 

Sections 22 and 24, (Township 47, North Range, 27 West.') 

The same iron ridge which has been explored through the 
south half of Section 23 above mentioned, crosses also the 
south half of Section 22 and that of Section 24. This has 
been ascertained by reconnoissance, but not by elaborate 
exploration. The country is filled up with fragments of ore 
of the same character, and some outcrop can be seen in 
places. 


Section 26, (Township 47, North Range , 27 West.) 

[See annexed Report, No. 4, page 30.] 

On the north half of Section 26, a very valuable mountain 
of slate-iron was disclosed last summer. It measures 1,300 
feet in length, 600 feet in width, and 50 in heighth. At the 
southern limit, the iron mountain shows a perpendicular 
cliff, 70 feet high, from which the ore can be blasted down. 
This tract, as well as the above mentioned, is distant one and 
a half mile from the present terminus of the Marquette and 
Bay de Noque Railroad. (South-east quarter of Section 21, 
T. 4*7, N. R., 27 W.) A very good railway or tram-road can 
easily and cheaply be established along the little stream 
marked on the annexed map. 

It is safe to predict, that this mountain will yield 5,694,000 
tons of iron ore, which, at the rate of 40 cents at the quarry, 
represents $2,277,600. Assuming an annual product of 
100,000 tons, it would take fifty-six years to level this moun- 


10 


tain; and then, during fifty-six years following, an excava¬ 
tion of the same magnitude could be made beneath the 
water-level. 

Sections 25 and 27, (Township 47, North Range , 27 W.) 

This ridge of iron can easily be traced from Section 26, 
through Sections 25 and 27, into Company’s lands. 

Analyses of Specimens taken from the Explorations made on the above- 

mentioned Sections. 

The following table gives the results of analyses made’by 

Professor George J. Brush, of Yale College, and Messrs. 

Dubois and Williams, of Philadelphia, from specimens taken 

from the explorations on the above-mentioned sections. 

* • 

It must be borne in mind, that the samples were not 
averaged in the following analyses, but were taken, without 
any choice, from different points of each metalliferous bed. 

These analyses prove, for most of the specimens, a remark¬ 
able degree of uniformity in the chemical composition of the 
deposits from which they were taken. 

General Remarks. —All these specimens were taken from 
the surface of the rock , and therefore were somewhat decomposed by 
atmospheric agents. It is expected that the percentage will increase 
as soon as the ore is taken from deeper portions of the ground. All 
these ores can bear transportation, as they are found very com¬ 
pact, even at the surface. 


4 




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12 


The other company’s lands in Township 47 North, Range 
27 West, and Township 47 North, Range 26 West, have not 
been explored by regular trenches, but simply by reconnois- 
sances. The iron deposits recognized are mentioned and 
located on the annexed map. 


Marble , Lime, and Flux. 

Around Lake Fairbanks, Secs. 12, 13, 14, and 24, (Town¬ 
ship 47 North, Range 26 West,) large ledges of marble are. 
found. They will become valuable as soon as the number of 
blast furnaces is increased. From thence, an unlimited 
quantity of flux can be quarried for metallurgic purposes, 
and lime can be manufactured to supply the local demand. 


Timber and Forests. • 

All the Company’s lands, mineral as well as those pro¬ 
nounced agricultural, are covered with dense forests of 
yellow birch and maple. Good pines are also found scat¬ 
tered amongst the hard-wood groves, and will supply saw¬ 
mills. It is quite important here to call the Company’s 
attention to the value of the forests that cover its large 
domain. The value of wood increases with the growth of 
the Lake Superior iron business. Some ten years ago, large 
forests were burnt for the sake of getting a clearing. For¬ 
ests were not only considered as useless, but cumbersome. 
At present, five charcoal blast furnaces are in operation , and 
in the vicinity of the furnaces a royalty of thirty-seven cents 
per cord is asked for standing trees. t 

The following very simple figures'show that the Company’s 
lands, all along the Marquette and Bay de Noque R. R., and 
within a short distance from the villages and blast furnaces, 

have a greater value than one at first would suppose :_ 

One furnace producing 10 tons pig a day will consume 
1,250 bushels charcoal, say, 375,000 per year of three hun¬ 
dred days. This is the equivalent of 9,375 cords of wood, 
at 40 bushels of charcoal per cord. 


13 


Five furnaces of same capacity shall consume per 

annum, cords,.46,875 

Assuming that the Marquette and Bay de Noque 

consumes per annum, cords, .... 5,000 
Assuming that the population of Marquette county 
is 5,000, and allowing the very moderate amount 
of two cords per individual per annum, . . 10,000 

Total cords per annum,..... 61,875 
61,875 cords at the rate of 50 per acre represent the con¬ 
sumption of wood of 1,237 t 5 q° ij - acres. It can be safely admitted 
that the consumption has been the same for the last five 
years. Thus representing the denudation of 6,137 acres, 
which at the rate of 640 acres per section, represents Dis¬ 
sections of land, or over one-fourth of a township. 

As all these lands have been cleared in the nearest vicinity 
of the Marquette and Bay de Noque R. R., and also of the 
villages and sites of blast furnaces, the distances from well- 
timbered lands to places wanting either coal or wood are 
rapidly increasing. And it can be easily seen by the map 
that the Company’s lands are still remaining in very close 
proximity to the centres of demand for wood and coal, 
thus assuring to the lands an unmistakeable value. 

Cordwood this winter (1863-64) is worth $3.50 at Mar¬ 
quette, and $2.50 at Negaunee. 

From careful and elaborate examination, it is safe to say 
that the Company’s lands average 50 cords of hard wood per 
acre. 

Water Power. 

The question is yet pending, respecting the most economi¬ 
cal way of running the blowers of a blast furnace, whether by 
water-power, or by steam obtained from the wasted gas of 
the blast furnace. There are five charcoal blast furnaces in 
operation in Marquette County. Two, Forestville and Col¬ 
linsville furnaces, are run by water-power. Three, Clioco- 
lay, Morgan, and Pioneer, use steam-power. All of these 
furnaces are working in the most satisfactory manner. 





14 

Water power, when found in close proximity to the iron 
deposit, and surrounded by dense forests, becomes desirable. 
The severe cold of the Lake Superior winter is not objec¬ 
tionable, as has been proved by five years’ experience at Col¬ 
linsville furnace, and long time before at the old Jackson forge, 
on the south-half of south half of Section 28, (Township 48 
North Range, 26 West,) and also by all the Lake Superior 
saw-mills that use water-wheels. 

Water power is quite abundant in the Company’s lands. 

Section 13, (47, 27.) 

In Section 13, (Township 47 North Range, 27 West,) 
the outlet of Lake Flora offers a great water power. The 
difference of level between Lake Flora and Lake Anna is 
60 feet. Lake Flora’s outlet is provided with a natural 
dam, which is a belt or ledge of sienitic and steatitic rocks. 

Section 15, (47, 27.) 

In Section 15, there are successions of water powers. 

1st. At the outlet of Lake Sallie, the country is rapidly 
descending towards the west. There is a very good site for 
blast furnaces, especially if run by a Turbine instead of an 
overshot wheel. 

2d. Outlet of Beaver Lake, which is an artificial lake 
entirely created by the beavers. At the outlet of this lake, 
which is quite large, there is a beaver dam some eight or 
ten feet high, and nearly 800 feet long, claimed to be the 
largest in the world. From this outlet the ground is rapidly 
descending with the valley of the east branch of the Escan- 
aba River, and good sites for blast furnaces can be selected 
there, all surrounded by the most magnificent maple groves. 
This is within one-half a mile of the Marquette and Bay de 
Noque Railroad. 


Section 28, (47/ 27.) 

Two very handsome falls affording a great amount of 
water power are seen on the east branch of the Escanaba 


15 


River, in the south half of south half of Section 28 ; there is 
again a very good site for a furnace, within a mile from the 
present terminus of Marquette and Bay de Noque Railroad, 
in south-east quarter, Sec. 21, (47, 27.) 

Section 23, 24, (47, 27.) 

The outlet of two small lakes that are seen in sections 28 
and 24, will afford water power large enough to run the 
blowers of blast furnaces. 


Other Sites for Blast Furnaces run by Steam. 

Throughout the Company’s lands, small streams travers¬ 
ing beautiful forests can be seen. They will furnish water 
enough to supply the boilers in case it should be thought 
advisable or found necessary to build blast furnaces to be 
run by steam, on any given point of the Company’s lands, 
deprived of water power. 


Progress of the Manufacture of Iron in Marquette District. 

Since 1858, five charcoal furnaces were built in the County 
of Marquette. These operations thus far have proved suc¬ 
cessful, notwithstanding the high rates for labor. In ordi¬ 
nary times the ton of pig iron (gross ton,) costs $13, all 
expenses included. 

The result of the operations of the furnaces since the 
beginning is given below. 

Product of Charcoal Pig Iron, in Tons of 2,000 lbs. 


YEARS. 


Pioneer 

Furnace. 


Collins 

Furnace. 


Forest 

Furnace. 


Chowlay 

Furnace. 


Morgan 

Furnace. 






















16 


The following table is a statement of the operations at the 
Collins Furnace. It shows the regularity with which the 
iron furnaces are running, and proves that the business of 
iron making in this region is being rapidly brought to per¬ 
fection, and that in it, the day of experiment has passed. 


Statement of the Operations of Collins Furnace. 


Number of 

Blasts. 

Duration of a Blast 

Number of 

Days. 

Product during the 
Blast, expressed 
in gross tons. 

1st, 

Dec. 29, 1858, to June 20, 1859, . 

— 

1,308 

2(1, 

July 12, 1859, to Jan. 5, 1860, 

— 

1,307.50 

3d, 

Feb. 2, 1860, to Dec. 8, 1860, 

— 

1,905.25 

4th, 

Dec. 29, 1860, to August, 1861, 

— 

1,444.25 

5th, 

Sept. 8, 1861, to March 15, 1862, . 

- 

1,045.75 

6th, 

May 12, 1862, to Sept. 12, 1862, . 

- 

1,160 

7th, 

Oct. 15, 1862, to January, 1863, . 

— 

521.50 


Another table gives the manipulation of the Lake Superior 
ores with that of charcoal and flux. 


Consolidated Report of the Product and Stock used by the Forest 
Furnace , near Marquette , Lake Superior, from December 15, 18G0, 
till December 13, 1863. 


YEARS. 

Charcoal in 

Bushels. 

Flux. 

Iron Ore. 

Pig Iron 
produced. 

General Remarks. 



G. T. Cwts. 

G. T. Cwts. 

G. T. Cwts. 


1861, 

262,860 

170.03 

3,919.06 

2,382.10 

Furnace stopped 97 days 
for charcoal. 

1862, 

302,300 

211.03 

4,497.13 

2,646.10 

Furnace stopped 133 days 
for charcoal. 

1863, 

362,322 

213.07 

• - 

4,379.18 

2,649.10 

Furnace stopped 49 days 
in all—33 days for char¬ 
coal, 6 for new hot-blast 
pipes, 10 for repairs on 
hearth. 
































17 


From those two statements, it is readily seen that furnace 
operations are not hindered during the blast by any other 
troubles than want of coal.’ 

The statement of the Forestville Furnace is particularly 
interesting. It was built and organized by a very enter¬ 
prising man,—the late S. R. Gay,—who unfortunately com¬ 
menced without capital. The result of his furnace operations 
during the past three years, shows the difficulties with which 
he had to contend,—want of coal,—being without capital in 
advance to provide for a large supply; thus being compelled 
to suspend operations; and, when resuming again, the fur¬ 
nace being cold, an extra amount of fuel had to be burnt to 
bring the furnace to the same state in which it was standing 
when the fire was last blown out. Notwithstanding all those 
difficulties, the Forest Furnace is in a very prosperous condi¬ 
tion ; and in this, more than in any other example in the 
history of iron metallurgy, the well-known motto of iron¬ 
masters, “ sloiv but sure” was readily realized. 

Quality of Lake Superior Iron: its Strength. 

Having given some data respecting the home metallurgy 
of Lake Superior iron ore, it is quite necessary to bring into 
light the qualities and purity of the Iron itself. No better 
authority can be given on this subject than that of Messrs. J. 
W. Foster and J. D. Whitney, who made the United States 
Geographical Survey of Lake Superior. In their Report to 
the Senate, (November, 1851,) those gentlemen write, under 
the head of— 

“ Tenacity of Lake Superior Iron .—From the total absence 
of foreign ingredients, (sulphur, phosphorus, titanium, arse¬ 
nic,) as indicated by analysis, it would be inferred that these 
ores, if skilfully wrought, would produce an iron of great 
ductility and tenacity. In the summer of 1849, we placed 
two samples of this iron,—selected without any great care, 
from among the products of the Jackson Forge,—in the 
hands of Major Wade, of the Ordnance Department, whose 

2 


18 


office it is to test the tenacity of the guns made for the 
Government^ for the purpose of experiment. The results 
obtained were as follows:— 

Sample No. 1.—7.550 density, 89,582 pounds pressure to the square inch. 
Sample No. 2.—7.768 density, 72,885 pounds pressure to the square inch. 

“In the second sample, there was a slight flaw observed, 
after it was parted, which would account for its inferior 
tenacity. These results give an unparalleled tenacity, and 
prove the high value of this iron. 

“To show the comparative quality of this iron, we give the 
results of the numerous experiments of Professor Walter 
R. Johnson, on the tenacity of bar-iron, from localities both 
at home and abroad :— 

Strength, in pounds, 
per square inch. 


“ Iron, from Salisbury County, by mean of 40 trials, . . 58,009 

Sweden, 4 “ . 58,184 

Centre County, Penn., 15 “ . . 58,400 

Lancaster County, Penn., 2 “ . . 58,661 

Mclntire, Essex Co., N. Y., 4 “ . . 58,912 

England, (cable bolt, E. V.) 5 “ . . 59,105 

Russia, 5 “ . . 76,069 

Carp River, Lake Superior, from Major Wade, 89,582” 


Roads and Railroads. 

As shown by the annexed map, the lands belonging to the 
Company are well provided by county roads and railroads. 

The Marquette and Bay de Noque Railroad commenced 
operations in 1858. For a long time it has connected only 
the village of Marquette with the following points :— 

Gay Switch, (where iron ore is deposited for Collins and 
Forest Furnaces.) 

Switch of the Pioneer Furnace. 

Village of Negaunee. 

Jackson Mine. 

Cleveland Mine. 

Lake Superior Mine. 

It was only during the summer of 1862, that the first 




19 


twenty miles were completed, and the present terminus is in 
the south-east quarter Section 21, (47, 27.) 

Last summer, surveys were made for twenty additional 
miles, in order to connect Lake Superior Mine with Lake 
Michigamig. The switch of the new road is in Section 16, 
(47, 27,) at the curve made by the old road, where it 
changes suddenly its direction from nearly east and west to a 
litle east of south. 

The new road has a direction almost westward ; it follows 
the south branch of Carp River, and traverses the Company’s 
lands in Sections 17 and 18, (47, 27,) and Section 18, (47, 
28,) which are the furthest from Marquette, (18 or 19. 
miles.) 

It has been said, that as soon as the Marquette and Bay 
de Noque Railroad shall be extended to Lake Michigamig, 
a new field of very valuable iron thus becoming accessible 
by rail, it would throw a larger amount of iron lands into 
market, and therefore have a tendency to affect the value of 
the Company’s mineral lands. 

Thus far the road is not completed, and at the present 
price of railroad iron, $105 a ton, with an upward tendency, 
is it questionable to know whether the Marquette and Bay 
de Noque Railroad Company will undertake to perfect the 
road under such ruinous circumstances. 

However, admitting that Lake Michigamig should be 
connected by rail to Marquette, and the intrinsic value of 
those new iron lands being equal otherwise with that of the 
Compqjiy’s lands, their marketable value could not prove 
injurious to the company’s lands ; on the contrary, as there 
is an inevitable and inflexible law, “ the distance,” with 
which every remote iron company shall have to comply 
with, and which especially the Marquette and Bay de Noque 
Railroad Company expects to vigorously enforce at its own 
benefit. 

The following figures show how much more desirable, iron 
lands located in (47, 26,) and (47, 27,) are than those near 
Lake Michigamig. 


20 


Thus far the Marquette and Bay de Noque Railroad Com¬ 
pany charges cents per net ton of iron ore (2,000 

pounds) per mile. 

Assuming that the freight rate shall be reduced as soon as 
the Peninsular Railroad is completed, 4 cents per net ton 
ore per mile can safely be admitted for a basis of calcula¬ 
tions. 

All mines located west of the present terminus of the Mar¬ 
quette and Bay de Noque Railroad will have to bear an extra 
expense of 4 cents per mile for every ton (2,000 pounds) of 
ore. 

For ten miles it will be 40 cents, and for twenty miles 80 
cents. 

Supposing that those mines are producing 100,000 tons per 
annum. 

They shall have to bear an additional freight expense of 
$4,000 if ten miles further, and of $8,000 if located at twenty 
miles from the present terminus. 

This extra expense is avoided by all mines located in Town¬ 
ship 47, north of Ranges 26 and 28 west. 

$4,000 represents the capital required to mine 8,000 tons 
of ore, (allowing the present rate of 50 cents per ton for 
quarrying and loading ore into cars.) 

$8,000 represents the capital required to mine 16,000 tons 
of ore. 

From this it results clearly that the mines on the exten¬ 
sion will work under disadvantageous conditions, even if the 
lands were bought at merely nominal figures. As the rate for 
freight increasing directly with the distance, the mines will 
have to sacrifice a large proportion of their product for the 
sake of settling freight charges. 




21 


Marquette and Bay de Noque Railroad Company. * 

There is the result of the business of the Marquette and 
Bay de Noque Railroad since 1852:— 


, Table showing the General Business of M. and B. de N. Railroad , 

since 1858. 



Down Freight. 

Upward 

i 

m 

c3 

i 

<D 

ft 


YEARS. 

Freight. 

O 

U 





u u 


Remarks. 





o CJ 

JD bo 

<D CU 



Pig Iron. 

Iron Ore. 

Merchandise. 

c 

3 cn 

§ ° 






ft 

ft 


1858 , . 

1,822 

30,566 

1,806 

4,629 

11,540 62 

2 g ®r-T 
s-. ® £ .2 -2 

1859 , . 

5,245 

83,078 

2,258 

6,445 

2,007 42 

1»'h M « fl 
® l. M 

o « ™o ft 

1860 , . 

2,119 

150,903 

2,124 

5,487 

1,989 92 

© O £ <2 

m +* bJO o 

a ® ®*£ «g 

E <u ' M ® o 

1861 , . 

2,890 

42,283 

718 

3,551 

1,110 12 







.fr S3 tf « 2 

1862 , . 

1,610 

140,453 

1,283 

5,168 

2,033 95 

o 

> a 

1863 , . 

7,021 

203,797 

3,000* 

6,445* 

2,007 42* 

J2 o'? * 2 

& 


* Assumed result for the year 1863. Considerable up freight was brought up owing to the 
building of Peninsular road, and also of the Morgan furnace. 

The freight, as it is seen by the above table, is 6^-g- cents 
per ton per mile, which is about the highest rate ever 
charged, not only in the United States but also abroad. 
This high price may be accounted for by two causes: Very 
expensive road to run, owing to very steep grades, or too 
great anxiety from the Company to pay very fair dividends to 
the stockholders. 

Under these circumstances, and the iron trade increasing 
as rapidly as the demand for iron, parties connected with 
Lake Superior affairs were determined to have more than 
one outlet for their product. In mean time, severe com¬ 
plaints and serious objections were made by the sailors, who 
cannot find any shelter in the bay of Marquette, when the 
north-east storms are falling upon them. 






















22 


* It is to obviate all those inconveniences that a new grant 
of land was allowed to the Peninsular Railroad Company, in 
order to connect little Bay de Noque with the village of 
Negaunce, (Jackson Mine,) and also with the village of Cho- 
colay, where a large blast furnace is already in operation. 


Advantages of the little Bay de Noque over Marquette as a shipping-point. 

The little Bay de Noque is the northern portion of Green 
Bay, and is entirely sheltered from all storms. It is a very 
large bay where a great number of vessels will find good 
anchorage, when waiting for iron ore. 

This port does not depend, as Marquette does, upon the 
gates of the canal at the Saut St. Mary. It is in direct 
communication with all the lake ports of Lakes Michigan, 
Huron, Erie, and therefore, it is expected that the naviga¬ 
tion between this point and the other ports will be opened a 
month longer than between Marquette and other ports, and 
two months longer in direct line between little Bay de 
Noque and Chicago and Milwaukee. 

The freight from this port will be $1.00 less than that sent 
from Marquette, owing to the great difference in distance 
over the lakes, and also to the saving of toll taxation on the 
canal of the Saut St. Mary, and towage on the river. 

The starting point of the Peninsular Railroad has been 
very well selected, at Sand Point, where the railroad com¬ 
pany expect to build large and capacious shutes or recepta¬ 
cles for the ores coming from the mines. The railroad com¬ 
pany expect to include the dockage charges in those of 
freight, thus avoiding all the confusion, troubles, and extra 
expenses that are presently met with at Marquette, where 
the docks are belonging to private owners or mining 
companies, that can charge what they please for dockage, or 
which is worse, can positively refuse to ship any ore from 
mining companies that they would hinder. 

The completion of the railroad from Sand Point to Ne- 
gaunee, will be an accomplished fact by the 1st day of 


23 


August, 1864.* On the 10th of January, 1864, a locomo¬ 
tive was already running over twenty miles, and forty miles 
of the road were completed. The company owns a surplus 
of ten miles of railroad iron. 

The road that follows the survey, very ably made and 
conducted by Messrs. Seldon Brothers, shows a gradual 
ascent from Sand Point, all along the valley of Escanaba. 
Then it reaches the south-west shore of Lake Fairbanks, 
thus crossing a large body of lands belonging to this com¬ 
pany. Then follows the valley of Partridge Brook, and 
arrives at the village of Negaunee, and at Jackson Mine. 

Owing to the excellent grade of this new road, it is 
expected that the distance, one hundred and twenty miles 
from Negaunee to Sand Point, and back, can be run for 
much less than the proportionate cost between Marquette 
and Negaunee, and back, thirty-five miles. 

It is the intention of the Peninsula Railroad Company to 
establish blast furnaces all along the road from Lake Fair¬ 
banks to Sand Point, thus making the forests available, and 
creating a new demand for iron ore. 

The greater portion of the lands belonging to the St. 
Mary’s Canal Company are comprised between these two 
railroads, and will soon derive the benefit of unavoidable 
competition ; as each railroad company will endeavor to 
secure the greatest amount of freight, it is very likely that 
one of them will soon open the South Iron range, by a branch 
road, connecting Section 21 (47, 27,) to Lake Fairbanks. 

HENRY d’ALIGNY, 

Mining Engineer and Resident Agent. 


* Noth.— It is proper to say, that this time is fixed by me for a safe calculation. 
The Company expects to finish the road during the month of June. 


H. d’A. 


REPORT 1ST o. 1. 





Section 12, (T. 47, N. JR., 27 IF.) 

Owing to the present scarcity of hematite ore, with which 
the furnaces of the district of Marquette are furnished, we 
have tried to discover the wanted ore as near as possible to 
cart-road facilities, and we have been very successful in our 
efforts, by disclosing a large bed of hematite, generally called 
“ blue lag ore,” just near the northeast corner of Section 12. 

This bed is from thirty to one hundred and seventy-five 
feet wide at the outcrop, and widens in depth, as it dips 
north at its north side, under a ledge of slate, and dips south 
on the south side, under another ledge of slate. I should 
think that these two ledges of slate are merely caps, and are 
covering a more extensive deposit than that we have already 
uncovered. 

As it is, it can be wrought at once very advantageously, as 
a face nearly twenty-five feet high can be obtained. The 
surface is gradually descending north towards the railroad 
station of the village of Negaunee. 

It is important to notice here, that, for a very long time to 
come, it will not be necessary to sink below the surface, as is 
now done at the Jackson Mine. As I said before, a very 
good face can be had, and this will greatly expedite and 
cheapen the working of the quarry. Simple reconnoissances 
only were made on the remainder of Section 12. 

We have seen considerable slate-iron ore, but to say any 
thing of the quality, we ought to have made regular explo¬ 
rations, and studied the deposits in place and in the solid rock. 
Want of time, and other works that we were carrying along 



25 


on different points of the iron district, have prevented us 
from exploring any further in Section 12. 

Section 12 is the most desirable site for a blast-furnace. 
There is only half a mile distance to Negaunee, a village 
designated to be, next August, the junction of the Marquette 
and Bay de Noque and Peninsula Railways. This will give 
a commanding position to a furnace built there, as it will 
have the following advantages:—1st. Being built right at 
the quarry, the expenses for transportation of ore would be 
avoided. 2d. The freight will be forwarded at a cheaper 
rate, for a furnace built at the junction, on account of the 
expected competition of the two railroad companies, while 
facilities to ship, either from Marquette or from Sand Point, 
at Little Bay de Noque, are of great importance. 

I think that the Peninsula road will be greatly patronized, 
especially during the spring and late in the fall, as the 
navigation there is entirely free and direct through the lower 
lakes and especially Lake Michigan ; whereas vessels going to 
Marquette are depending entirely upon the canal at the Sault 
St. Mary, which is sometimes closed early and open very late 
in the season of navigation, but which always forces the 
vessels to go very far out of the way. I understand that it 
will make a difference of one dollar a ton on the freight in 
favor of the ores shipped from Sand Point to ports of Lake 
Erie , and probably more for ports of Lake Michigan . 

3d. A blast-furnace, built on Section 12, will be in the 

midst of a dense and beautiful forest of maple. After a 

careful and close examination of the timber, I came to the 

conclusion that the wood thereon, and also on Section 13 

and that vicinity, averaged fully fifty cords per acre, if not 
» 

more. The destruction of the forest will be less rapid than 
one would at first view suppose, as is shown by the follow¬ 
ing figures :—Allowing fifty cords per acre, one section (six 
hundred and forty acres) will yield thirty-two thousand cords, 
and assuming an average of forty bushels of coal per cord— 
1,280,000 bushels; while a furnace, making ten gross tons 
of pig iron per day, uses twelve hundred and fifty bushels of 


26 


coal. Admitting a furnace working at that rate for three 
years of three hundred days, it will have consumed 1,125,000 
bushels,—leaving a surplus of one hundred and eighty-five 
thousand bushels of coal from the six hundred and forty 
acres, or supply for one hundred and forty-eight days more. 
In meantime, the demolition of the forest will be of great 
benefit in the introduction of settlers and farmers, and in the 
development of the agricultural resources of the iron district, 
where very good crops of oats, hay, and roots of all kinds, for 
home use, may be produced. 

From this , it appears that a selection of four sections of 
well-timbered land will last fourteen years, —(a section sup¬ 
plying the furnace during three and a half years on the 
above-mentioned lakes.) 

A furnace, of a capacity equal to that of Forestville, or 
any other built in the district, worked by steam-engine or 
water-power, costs usually 120,000; and $20,000 must be 
added for necessary buildings and kilns. 

The kilns are generally built as follows:—A basement, 
six feet high, of greenstone, that is found anywhere in the 
country; and the cupola of bricks, (it takes in average, ten 
thousand.) 

The kilns are usually of the capacity of forty cords. Some 
iron-kilns, lined with bricks, are now introduced, and are 
found very good, as, when the surrounding wood is exhausted, 

they can be removed, at a small expense, to some other 

•• 

untouched portion of the forest. 

As you can perceive, Section 12 is a desirable site for the 
establishment of a blast-furnace; and I am confident that 
successful negotiations can be made this winter for the organ¬ 
ization of a company. 

Respectfully yours, 

HENRY d’ALIGNY, Mining Engineer , 


P. S.—See table of Analysis, page 11. 


Resident Agent. 


REPORT No. 2. 


Section 21, (T. 47, TV. i?., 27 W.) 

The Company owns the north half of northwest quarter 
and the east half of the east half of Section 21, as shown 
by the accompanying sketch. The north half of northwest 
quarter has been quite well explored by numerous trenches 
and trial-pits, and the result has been satisfactory. I give 
here copy of Mr. B. R. Livermore’s diary :— 

“ August 20th, 1863.—The iron on this tract, in central and 
western part, looks very well, and I think will be valuable to 
the Company. The outcrop shows some jasper, in spots, 
but I think it is mostly confined to the surface, as, in our 
deepest workings on the ledge, it does not show as much. 
The iron near west line will give a face of sixty feet, and the 
bed near centre of the tract in south line a face of fifty feet. 
The continuation of the bed that is now wrought on Parsons’ 
tract lies low, and will probably be wekmining.” 

Since the above was written, frequent boulders of massive 
and very compact specular iron, altogether similar to that 
mined either at Jackson or Lake Superior Mine, were found 
in the cuts. This induces me to believe, that the slate iron 
thus far disclosed in this tract might cover a very heavy 
deposit of massive specular. 

Frequent and careful visits made at Jackson and Lake 
Superior Mines have proved to me that my opinion is at least 
an approximation to correctness, as I have noticed, at Lake 
Superior Mine especially, that, in many instances, massive 
specular was frequently covered by layers of slate iron con¬ 
taining more or less jasper. This company’s tract can be 
made available at once by any mining company desirous to 



28 


ship iron ore, as the Marquette and Bay de Noque Railroad 
passes through it, and by the establishment of a short 
branch, cars can be brought right to the quarry, where 
faces of iron ore, from fifty to .sixty feet high, can be soon 
obtained. Three log-houses, capable of containing twenty 
men each, were built last summer on Company’s premises 
by the contractor who had charge of the quarrying on Par¬ 
sons’ tract. 


HENRY d’ALIGNY, Mining Engineer , 

Resident Agent. 

P. S.—See table of Analysis, page 11. 


REF ORT N o. 3. 


South half of Section 23, (T. 47, N. i?., 27 IF.,) and East 
half Southeast quarter Section 22. 

Our explorations on this tract have been more than suc¬ 
cessful, as we have discovered hematite ore, not only in 
inexhaustible quantity, but also of a quality which surpasses, 
by far, every thing ever discovered or wrought in the whole 
iron district of Marquette. 

As shown by the annexed sketch, three beds of hematite 
were found and thoroughly tested by numerous and reliable 
trenches and pits. The lithological character of the three 
beds is somewhat different:— 

First bed “A”—Is composed of massive hematite, from 
twelve to thirty feet in width at the outcrop, with tendency 
to widen in depth as the ore is dipping under the surrounding 
rocks. 

Second bed “B”—Porous hematite, making quite a high 
ridge, and on which faces, or breasts, of thirty feet and 
more, can be obtained. 

Third bed “C”—Granular hematite, of superior quality. 
The width of the last two beds varies from fifty to two hun¬ 
dred feet. 

Fourth—A heavy bed of specular and slate iron has been 
disclosed, also in the southeastern portion of the south half 
of Section 23, and can be made available for shipping pur¬ 
poses. 

The discovery of such a great body of hematite is very 
fortunate, as it is generally understood that the known 
sources of supply of the hematite which was used by the 
furnaces of the district is nearly exhausted, or that the exca- 


* 



30 


vations arc getting too deep to make its quarrying profitable. 
The deposits of Section 23 can supply, for years, not only all 
the furnaces of the district, but also a very extensive market 
at Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, and Buffalo. 

This tract is only one and a half miles distant from the 
present terminus of the Marquette and Bay de Noque Rail¬ 
road ; and it is very probable that, in a short time, the 
Peninsula Railroad Company will build a branch road from 
Lake Fairbanks to Section 23, (47-27,) thus opening the 
south iron range. 

A very fair idea of the value of this property can be formed 
by glancing at the following figures, which are the result of 
a very loiv estimate :— 

Assuming that the five furnaces now in existence in the 
district should unite as they desire, and should pay a royalty, 
of fifty cents per ton of pig' produced , for the right of quarry¬ 
ing at their own expense, and also fifty cents per ton of ore 
shipped from either Marquette or Bay de Noque, (the royalty 
of fifty cents per ton of pig is too small, as iron-masters are 
willing to pay seventy-five cents per ton of pig.) 

Five furnaces, averaging 2,500 tons of pig per 
annum—total, 12,500 tons; giving a royalty 
of ....... $6,250 00 

Royalty on quarrying shipping ore, fifty cents 
per ton;—admitting only the very small ship¬ 
ment of 15,000 tons,—total, . . . 7,500 00 

$13,750 00 

Making, in all, an income of $13,750 to the Company, and 
that without disbursing any thing, as the tributors shall have 
to bear all expenses. 

This income of $13,750 represents a capital of over 
$200,000, calculated at six per cent. 

MzF* It must be remembered here , that the royalty of fifty 
cents per ton of pig is even smaller than that collected before 
the iron had attained the present high price. 



31 


This property is one of the first I should recommend 
to serious iron-men who are looking for permanent invest¬ 
ment. As you can see by the specimens I have forwarded 
you, the character of those beds of hematite is most pro¬ 
mising. There is a peculiarity in these ores that has 
never yet been noticed or experienced in the district. 
The porous and granular hematite, when exposed to the 
heat, cracks, and the specimens break into small fragments, 
which at once mix themselves with the coal in the furnace, 
—thus avoiding an expensive breakage by hand or by 
stamps, and making a more compact, homogeneous, and 
complete mixture with the coal than any other ore yet 
used. 

Having no time, and at any rate, not being comfortably 
prepared to analyze the specimens myself, I have forwarded 
samples to Professor George J. Bush, of Yale College, and 
to Messrs. Alfred Du Bois and C. P. Williams, chemists, at 
Philadelphia. As soon as I receive the results of the analyses 
of those two gentlemen, I shall forward them to you. 

Respectfully yours, 

HENRY d’ALIGNY, Mining Engineer , 

Resident Agent. 


P. S.—See table of Analysis, page 11. 




REPORT No. 4. 


North half of Section 26, (T. 47, N. R ., 27 7F.) 

The results of our explorations in Section 26 have been the 
following:— 

We found a very large bed of slate iron, which, as you can 
see by the specimens I have sent you, is entirely destitute of 
quartz or jasper. The quarrying can be made very easily 
and cheaply, as the layers will require the use of much less 
powder than in massive specular. The strata of slate iron 
are sometimes curled , and the ore is so compact and so icell 
crystallized , that it ring's almost like a bell. 

By explorations and trenches, we have ascertained that the 
belt is not less than six hundred feet in thickness at the cross¬ 
cut , and crosses almost the entire tract from east to west , 
which is a mile. On the south side of the hill, the cliff is 
almost perpendicular, and shows a fall of not less than thirty 
and sometimes sixty feet high. This is an excellent ore for 
shipment, and will certainly suit very well the market at 
Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburg, and Buffalo. 

This tract is located within a mile and a half of the present 
terminus of Marquette and Bay de Noque Railroad ; and it 
is expected, that the Peninsula Railroad Company will build 
a branch from Lake Fairbanks that shall open the whole 
south range. Next August, the Peninsula Railroad will be 
finished, and the connection made from the village of 
Negaunee to Little Bay de Noque. It is expected that con¬ 
siderable reduction will be made in railroad charges for 
freight, as the interest of the two different companies will be 
somewhat different,—the Marquette and Bay de Noque having 


% 





33 


interest to favor the shipping at Marquette, whereas the 
Peninsula Railroad Company will endeavor to build an 
important shipping place at Sand Point (Little Bay de 
Noque.) Mining companies will derive great benefit from 
these two railroads. 

On the southern portion of this tract, we have noticed 
several ledges covered with frequent boulders of compact 
specular and slate iron, of very good quality ; but as we were 
short of time, we could not ascertain by trial-pits whether 
deposits were in place. I do not doubt that, after a short 
time and with skilful management, this mine can be brought 
into as flourishing a condition as the Lake Superior, Jackson, 

and Cleveland Mines. 

- . ? 

I have sent you numerous specimens of this slate ore ; and 
as soon as I get the result of analyses which Professor George 
J. Bush, of Yale College, and Messrs. C. P. Williams and 
Alfred Dubois, of Philadelphia, are now making, I shall 
advise you of the percentage of iron contained in the ore. 

Respectfully yours, 

HENRY d’ALIGNY, Mining Engineer , 

Resident Agent. 

P. S.—See table of Analysis, page 11. 


8 



































# 

mm 

m « £ g* 'I 























{ i 




. 












REPORT OF S. W. HILL, Esq., 

« 

Late United States Deputt-Geologist, and formerly Agent 
for the St. Mary’s Canal Mineral Land Company, upon 
tiie Iron Lands belonging to the St. Mary’s Canal 
Mineral Land Company. 


/ 











Hancock, Lake Superior, Michigan, ) 

May 10th, 1861. ) 

E. D. Brigham, Esq., 

Treasurer St. Mary's Canal Mineral Land Company: 

Dear Sir, —In compliance with your instructions, I made, 
last season, an examination of the Iron Lands belonging to 
the St. Mary’s Canal Mineral Land Company, and now, in 
as brief a manner as possible, I present to you the result of 
my work. 

The map which I herewith present shows these lands in red 
color; it also shows where there are hills, knobs, and ridges 
of iron in them. Such is the amount of iron here, that an 
estimate of the quantity cannot be made ; it defies descrip¬ 
tion. 

In the N. \ of the N. W. \ of Section 21, (T. 47, N. R., 
27 W.,) there is a ridge of iron, bearing nearly east and west 
through this lot. This ridge rises to the height, in many 
places, of sixty feet perpendicular,—all one solid mass of 
excellent ore, of as fine a quality as that at the Jackson bed. 
Millions of tons can be quarried here, without working below 
the base of the ridge. The Marquette and Bay de Noque 
runs within a few rods of this body of iron. I believe the 
road has been made, during the past winter, into Section 28 
of this township. I have given the road, as surveyed upon 
the map. 

There are bodies of ore in Sections 20,18, 15, 27, and 28. 
In Section 22, there are large quantities which can be easily 
mined. In Sections 13 and 24, (T. 47, N. R., 28 W.,) there 
are very large blocks and boulders of iron trown over the 
surface, indicating the presence of large bodies underneath. 


37 


In Section 12, (T. 47, N. R., 27 W.,) near the north part, 
there are deposits of hematite ore, more than forty feet thick, 
stretching to Section 11; and, what is most singular and 
interesting in this, as a geological and mincralogical occur¬ 
rence, is, that this great body of hematite ore is underlaid by 
heavy bodies of the peroxide. We have, in the Jackson 
beds, this same occurrence of these two ores. The first ore 
of this kind mined in this region was taken from this section 
and carried to the Wyandott Mills, below Detroit, to be 
tested ; and such was the result, that very soon thereafter, 
the erection of blast-furnaces in the neighborhood of these 
beds was undertaken, with a view to the working of this ore 
apart from other. By experimenting, it has been found, that 
by mixing the two ores, a much better iron is made. 

In the north part of the south half of this section, there is 
an immense deposit of excellent ore. This deposit runs 
through this section into Section 11. I have found this ore 
of a finer grain and texture than any other in this district. 
The facilities for quarrying it are as good as at the places 
where mines have been opened. 

The N. J of Section 13 is very much broken by hills of 
iron. In the S. W. J, on the south side of a small lake, there 
is a large body of excellent ore. This section and Section 12 
have an abundance of iron in them— more than would he 
required to supply the ivants of the ivorld for the next cen¬ 
tury. These two sections can be easily reached by rail from 
Marquette and Bay de Noque Railroad at the Pioneer works, 
or at the Cleveland Company’s works. 

There are large bodies of ore in Section 24. So also there 
are heavy deposits in Section 18 and Section 19, (T. 47, 
N. R., 26 W.) 

There are large bodies of ore in the lands to the south and 
south-west of Fairbanks Lake, and there is one deposit on the 
north side of this lake, in Section 10 and Section 11; but of 
the value of the ore in these grounds, as compared with that 
in T. 47, N. R., 27 W., I hjive not fully satisfied myself. I 
had not sufficient time to do justice to this portion of the 


38 


examination, at the time I visited the district. I am of the 
opinion, however, that good ore will be found in the lands 
south of the lake ; but, as a general thing, the ore which lies 
in fragments about the base of the hills and ridges here is not 
as rich as that in the townships to the west. In some of the 
grounds which have been mined, the rich bodies of ore have 
been found interstratified with the poorer ores. 

In the lot in the south part of Section 33, (T. 48, N. R., 
27 W.,) there is iron. It will be seen that the south linb of 
this lot is upon a ridge of iron. I found evidences that the 
north part of this lot contains hematite ore. As the forest 
shall be opened about the more level parts of the country, I 
think it likely that this ore will be found in great abundance 
where it is not known now to exist. 

There is no iron in the lands T. 48, N. R., 25 and 26 W. 
The lands in T. 48, N. R., 26 W., are excellent pine lands; 
so are also the lands near the mouth of the Chocolate River, 
generally well covered with pine. In fact, there is pine on 
all the lands under consideration. Some lots will not yield 
more than one to two thousand feet to the acre; while there. 
are others, such as those in T. 48, N. R., 26 W., which will 
yield ten thousand feet to the acre on an average. 

In T. 48, N. R., 25 W., there is some pine and some good 
groves of hemlock. In looking over these lands, I have esti¬ 
mated that they will yield about forty cords of wood, suited 
for charcoal, per acre, on an average. 

In the course of this examination, I found heavy beds of 
marble in Sections 12, 13, 14, (T. 47, N. R., 26 W.,) on the 
north side of Lake Fairbanks. This marble occurs here in 
such heavy beds, that I think it can be worked. It is white, 
blue, and flesli-colored. The latter is beautiful ornamental 
stone. These beds extend easterly to Lake Superior, and 
westerly through the small lakes in T. 47, N. R., 27 W* 
This marble is being quarried at the Chocolate, and used as 
a flux in the blast-furnaces at that place and on Dashing 
River. 


39 


There has been so much written upon the cost of working 
iron from the ores of Lake Superior, that I do not deem it 
of importance that I should go into a discussion of it in this 
paper. It is quite evident, from the experience we have, 
that while the manufacture will be carried on in the neigh¬ 
borhood of the beds of ore to the extent of the country to 
furnish fuel, by far the greater amount of the ores mined will 
be transported to ports on lower lakes to be manufactured, 
where fuel can be obtained in inexhaustible quantities. 

The superior richness of these ores, and the greater excel¬ 
lence of the iron which is made from them, has induced their 
transportation to the iron mills in the interior of the States 
of Ohio and Pennsylvania. 

The great West and South West must ultimately be sup¬ 
plied with iron from the iron region of Lake Superior. 

I am, sir, 

Very respectfully, 

Your obedient servant, 

(Signed,) SAML. W. HILL. 



/ 



i ' • 






■ 














' > 


• : .■ 



. t 









DESCRIPTION OF THE IRON LANDS 


Owned by the St. Mary’s Canal Mineral Land Company, in the 
County of Marquette, Lake Superior, State of Michigan. 


3 3,487m ACRES. 








42 




RECAPITULATION 

OF THE 

Iron Lands owned by the St. Mary's Canal Mineral Land 
Company , in the County of Marquette , Lake Superior , 
State of Michigan. 


47, 

N. D., 

25 W., 

see page 

• 

> 


Acres. 

5,169.37 

OfO 

V# 

u 

25 W., 

u 

> • 


3,867.03 

49, 

u 

25 W., 

u 

, 


871.90 

44, 

u 

26 W., 

u 

> 


162.91 

45, 

a 

26 IV., 

u 

> 


716.27 

47, 

a 

26 W., 

« 

> 


8,019.41 

48, 

u 

26 W., 

a 

> 


3,752.62 

47, 

a 

27 W., 

u 

> 


9,407.89 

47, 

a 

28 W., 

a 

> 


800.00 

48, 

a 

28 W., 

u 

> 

• 

720.00 


Total amount of lands owned by the Company, 33,487.40 

Note.— In the following tables, the numbers under the 
head “Number of Deed,” indicate the number of the deeds 
issued from the St. Mary's Fall Ship Canal Company to the 
St. Mary's Canal Mineral Land Company. These deeds are 
recorded at the different offices of registry of deeds, at the 
dates, and in the books hereafter mentioned :— 

Deed No. 17.—Houghton County, Houghton, June 23,1862, 
recorded in Liber 5 of Deeds, on pages 316 to 325. 
Keweenaw County, Eagle Diver, July 1, 1862, recorded 
in Liber C, on pages 105 to 116. 


# 







43 


Marquette County, Marquette, July 21, 1862, recorded 
in Liber D, on pages 57 to 66. 

Ontonagon County, Ontonagon, Sept. 1, 1862, recorded in 
Liber C of Deeds, on pages 727 to 739. 

Deed No. 51.—Hougliton County, Houghton, May 25, 1863, 
recorded in Liber 6, on folios 67 to 69. 

Marquette County, Marquette, October 12,1863, recorded 
in Liber D, on folios 283 and 284. 

Deed No. 63.—Marquette County, Marquette, Aug. 1,1863, 
recorded in Liber D of Deeds, on folio 240. 


> > 
> ) ) 




44 


Description of the Iron Lands belonging to the St. Mary's Canal 
Mineral Land Company, and located in the County of Marquette , 
Lake Superior , Michigan. 


Number of Deed. 

Township North. • 

Range West. 

Number of Section. 

Description of Each Tract. 

Amount c 

Each Tract. 

>f Land in 

Each Section. 

Acres. 

lOOths. 

Acres. 

lOOths. 

17 

47 

25 

1 

N. W. fr’l h . 

160 

34 

160 

34 




2 

N. fr’l 4, . 

318 

82 

318 

82 




3 

N. W. fr’l 4, . 

155 

38 







w. 4, of s. w. . 

80 


235 

38 




4 

N. E. fr’l 4, of N. E. fr’l 4, 

36 

98 







S. 4 , of N. E. 4, . 

80 








W. fr’l 4, 

308 

36 







N. 4, of S. E. 4, . 

80 








S. E. \ , of s. E. . 

40 


545 

34 




7 

W. fl. 4, of N. W. fl. 4, . 

69 

67 







S. fl. 4, . 

309 

87 

379 

54 




8 

S. E. 4, . 

160 


160 





9 

Entire fr’l, 

558 

60 

558 

60 




10 

Entire fr’l, 

632 


632 





11 

Entire, .... 

640 


640 





12 

N. W. 4, of N. E. 4 , 

40 

• 

40 






N. W. 4 . 

160 


160 






W. 4 , of S. W. 4 , . 

80 


80 





17 

Entire, .... 

640 


640 





18 

Entire fr’l, 

619 

35 

619 

35 

Total amount of lands in T. 47, N. R. 25 W., . 

5,169 

37 

5,169 . 

37 



# 

t 

t 

< 

< v 






































45 


Description of the Iron Lands belonging to the St. Mary’s Canal 
Mineral Land Company, and located in. the County of Marquette, 
Lake Superior, Michigan. 




a 


.c 




u 

o 

is 

-4J 

O 


a * 

<V 

o 

Description of Each Tract. 

2 

u 

<D 

a 

* 

<x» 

to 

.o 

a 


Eh 


A 



*3 

CJ 

G 

o 

t-l 

GJ 

& 

S 

3 


Amount of Land in 


Each Tract. 


Acres. 


c n 

A 


Each Section. 


Acres. 


m 




17 48 25 10 N. i, of N. E. 4, 

N. I of N. W. 

S. W. 4, of N. W. 

S. 4 , of S. E. }, 

15 W. h of N. E. 4, 

N. #. J,. . 

17 19 S. 1 of S. E. 4, . 

51 S. ir’l 4, of S. W. fr’l J, 

17 20 S. E. 4, of S. E. 4, 

17 27 S. i, of N. W. 

51 N. 4 , of S. W. \, 

17 S. 4, of S. W. 4 , 

17 28 S. 4, of N. E. 4, 

S. 4, of N. W. 4, 

S. k 4 , . 

51 N. of S. E. 4> 

17 S. 4, of S. E. 4, 

29 S. 4, of N. E. 4, 

S. W. fr. 4, . 

30 N. 4, of N. E. 4, 

51 N. W. fr’l 4, . 

17 E. 4 , of S. W. 

S. E. 4, . 

17 48 25 31 N. E. . 

32 N. fr’l 4 , . 

33 Entire, . 

34 N. 4, of N. E. 4, 

S. W. 4, of N. E. J, 

W. 4 , . . 

S. E. 4, . 

t 

Total amount of lands in T. 48, N. R. 25 W., 


80 

80 

40 

80 

80 

160 

80 

76 

40 

80 

80 

80 

80 

80 

160 

80 

80 

80 

157 

80 

152 

80 

160 

160 

319 
640 

80 

40 

320 
160 


3,867- 


51 


70 

97 

85 


03 


280 

240 

156 

40 

240 


480 

237 


472 

160 

319 

640 


600 


3,867 


51 


70 

97 

85 


03 



































46 


Description of the Iron Lands belonging to the St. Mary’s Canal 
Mineral Land Company , and located in the County of Marquette , 
Lake Superior , Michigan. 


$ 

<D 



d 

.2 


Amount of Land in 



o 






ft 

o 

£ 

Cu 

+2 

CO 

o 

C/l 

<♦-. 

O 

Description of each Tract. 

4 

Each Tract. 

Each Section. 

1-4 

3 

-Q 

a 

3 

2 

co 

O 

H 

£ 

0) 

bo 

G 

cj 

Vi 

<D 

a 

3 

Acres. 

lOOths. 

Acres. 

lOOths. 


17 


49 


25 


19 

29 

30 

32 

33 


S. W. fr’l 1, . 

Entire fr’l, 

E. 

W. of N. E. i, 
Entire fr’l, 


Total amount of lands in T. 49, N. R. 25 W., . 


144 

201 

320 

80 

126 



25 

65 


63 

44 

26 

1 

N. E. fr’l J, . 

162 

91 

162 

91 

Total amount of lands in T. 44, N. R. 26 W., . 

162 

91 

162 

91 


63 

45 

• 

26 

24 

W. L of N. E. i, . 

80 








E. of N. W. . 

80 








N. 4, of S. E. 4, 

80 








E. J, of S. W. J, . 

80 


320 





36 

Lot No. 1, 

36 

92 







Lot No. 2, 

39 

35 







s. i, . . . . 

320 


396 

27 

Total amount of lands in T. 45, N. R. 26 W., . 

716- 

27 

716 

27 




































































47 


Description of the Iron Lands belonging to the St. Mary's Canal 
Mineral Land Company, and located in the County of Marquette, 
Lake Superior, Michigan. 


Number of Deed. 

Township North. 

Range West. 

Number of Section. 

Description of Each Tract. 

Amount o 

Each Tract. 

f Land in 

Each Section. 

Acres. 

lOOths. 

Acres. 

100ths. 

17 

47 

26 

9 

N. 1 of N. E. \, 

80 








N. W. . . . . 

160 


240 





10 

S. 4, 

320 


320 





11 

W. of S. W. J, . . 

80 


80 





12 

Entire, .... 

640 


640 





13 

N. E. . 

160 








S. fr’l £. 

316 

15 

476 

15 




14 

Entire fr’l, 

269 

35 

269 

35 




15 

Entire fr’l, 

617 

10 

617 

10 




17 

Entire, .... 

640 


640 





18 

Entire fr’l, 

612 

98 

612 

98 




19 

N. E. |. 

160 








S. W. fr’l i, . 

140 

93 

300 

93 




21 

Entire, .... 

640 


640 





22 

N. h . . . . 

320 








S. E. }. 

160 


480 





23 

Entire fr’l, 

617 

40 

617 

40 




24 

Lot No. 1, 

42 








Lot No. 3, 

43 

50 







W. i, of S. W. i, . 

80 








S. e: \, of S. W. 

40 








S. E. \, . 

160 


365 

50 




27 

N. 4, . . * . • 

320 








S. E. \, . 

160 


480 





28 

N. .... 

320 


320 





32 

S. 1 . 

320 


320 





33 

N. E. of N. E. i, 

40 








S. i, of N. E. J, 

80 








S. 4-, 

320 


440 





34 

N. W.}. 

160 


160 


Total amount of lands in T. 47, N. R. 26 W., . 

2,085 

50 

2,085 

50 







































48 


Description of the Iron Lands belonging to the St. Mary's Cana 
Mineral Land Company , and located in the County of Marquette, 
Lake Superior , Michigan. 


Number of Deed. 

Township North. 

Range West. 

Number of Section. 

Description of Each Tract. 

Amount of Land in 

Each Tract. 

Each Section. 

Acres. 

lOOths. 

Acres. 

an 

A 

•4-» 

8 

17 

48 

26 

20 

Entire, .... 

640 


640 





21 

Entire, .... 

640 


640 





22 

s* b 

320 


320 





23 

S. W. 4-, . 

160 

► 

160 





25 

S. 1 of N. E. 

80 








N. W. 1,. 

160 








N. of S. W. }, . 

80 








N. of S. E. h • 

80 


400 





26 

N. b of N. E. 4, 

80 








N. h of N. W. b . 

80 


160 





27 

N. b 

320 


320 





28 

N. 

320 








N. W. }, of S. E. h 

40 


360 





29 

N. b of N. E. b 

80 








N. W. b • 

160 








N. b of S. W. }, . 

80 


320 





30 

N. E. L • 

160 








N. E. b of N. W. b 

40 


. 






S. fr’l b of N. W. b 

72 

62 







S. b of S. E. b 

80 


352 

62 




33 

S. E. b of S. W. b 

40 


40 





34 

N. W. b of | W. • 

40 


40 


Total amount of lands in T. 48, N. R. 26 W., . 

• 

3,752 

62 

3,752 

62 

































49 


Description of the Iron Lands belonging to the St. Mary's Canal 
Mine) al Land Company , and located in the County of Marquette , 
Lake Superior , Michigan. 



• 

O 

4-* 

o 

a> 

•4—* 

CC 

m 

<4-< 

o> 

o 

£ 

S-H 

o 


,0 

to 

a 

S 

C3 



r* 


Q) 

<D 

3 


O 

.Q 

a 

3 

fe 


17 


O 

y A 


c 

is 

o 

H 


47 


27 


23 


24 

25 
20 

27 

28 


Description of Each Tract. 


I 9 
: 12 
13 
15 


17 

18 

19 

20 

21 


oo 


S. W. of S. E. 4 


Entire, 
Entire fr’l, 


7 ’ 


S. W. 1 of N. E. 4 


S. J, of N. W. 4 


4 ’ 


S. 4, 

N. W. 4,. 

N. £, S. W. 4, • 

N. fr’l i, . 

S. W. If. E 
E. l of S. E. J, 

S. 4, of N. W. 4, 

S. W. i . 

E. of N. E. 4, 

N. of N. W. i-, 

E. |, of S. E. 4, 

W. 4, of N. E. 4, 

N. W. 4,. 

N. 4, of S. W. 

S. E. 4, of S. W. 4, 
S. E. 4 , . 

N. E. i, . 

E. 4, of N. W. 4, 
s i 
2"? 

Entire fr’l, . . 

w. 4 , . . 

N. h • • 

E. 4, . 

E. 4, of N. W. 4, 

N. 1 of N. W. 4, 

S. W. i, of N. W. 

N. W. 4, of S. W. 4, 
S. 4, of S. W. 4, 

N. E. J, of S. E. 4, 
S. of S. E. 

Forward , . 


i 

4 > 


Amount of Land in 

Each Tract. 

Each Section. 


Cft 


eft 

Acres. 

4—» 

o 

Acres. 



o 

r—1 



! 40 


40 


G40 


040 


559 

05 

559 

05 

40 




80 




320 


440 


100 




80 


240 


325 

09 



164 

89 

489 

98 

80 


80 


80 




100 


240 


80 




80 




80 


240 


st) 




100 




80 




40 




100 


520 


100 




80 




320 


560 


024 

55 

024 

55 

320 


320 


320 


320 


320 




80 


400 


80 




40 




40 




80 




40 




80 


300 


0,073 

58 

0,073 i 

58 





































































50 


Description of the Iron Lands belonging to the St. Mary's Canal 
Mineral Land Company , and located in the County of Marquette , 
J,ake Superior, Michigan. 


Number of Deed. 

Township North. 

ltange West. 

Number of Section. 

Description of each Tract. 

4 

Amount ( 

Each Tract. 

)f Land in 

Each Section. 

Acres. 

s 

f-H 

Acres. 

lOOths. 


. 



Forwarded , 

6,073 

58 

6,073 

58 

17 

47 

27 

29 

N.i, . . . . 

320 








S. E. i . 

160 


480 





31 

Entire fr’l, 

654 

31 

654 

31 




32 

Entire, . . . • . 

640 


640 





33 

Entire, .... 

640 


640 





34 

N.E.J, . . . . 

160 








S. W. 4, • 

160 








S. J, of S. E. . 

80 


400 





35 

S. 1, of N. E. 1, . 

• 80 








S. E. \ . 

160 

• 

240 





36 

N. E. h of N. W. h 

40 





: * 



S. h of-N. W.l, . 

80 








S. AV. J, . 

160 


280 


Total amount of lands in T. 47, N. R. 27 W., . 

9,407 

89 

9,407 

89 


17 

47 

28 

13 

N. E. 4, . 

160 







o i 4 

O** o’* • • • • 

320 


480 




24 

N * 

Al • '2'j • • • • 

320 


320 

Total amount of lands in T. 47, N. R. 28 W., . 

800 


800 


17 

48 

28 

34 

S. E. . 

160 


160 




35 

Si i 

u* 2 7 • • • • 

320 


320 




36 

S. 4, of S. AV. 4, 

80 







S jfc 1 

O. Xj. . 

160 


240 

Total amount of lands in T. 47, N. R. 28 AV., . 

- «• - 

720 

• 

720 


4 

















































































JOSEPH C. KENT’S ANALYSES 

# 

Of Specimens taken from the Explorations made on several 
Sections of Land, belonging to the St. Mary’s Canal 
Mineral Land Company". 











52 


Office Cooper Iron Works, April 1, 1864. 

S. J. Tilden, Esq.: 

Dear Sir, — I have made assays and examinations of ore- 
specimens Nos. 1, 2, and 8. 

No/1 is a remarkably pure hematite. It gave me 60.05 
per cent, metallic iron; is free from sulphides and sulphates; 
contains a small percentage of manganese ; would work well 
in the furnace, and make excellent iron. 

I 

Nos. 2 and 8 together gave 54.285 per cent, metallic ore; 
are free from sulphur, and contain manganese in minute 
quantity. They arc the same in general character, but not 
quite so rich as No. 1. We call the ore good when it yields 
45 per cent.; your specimens are very rich. ^ 

I enclose the assays, and will send you’the results obtained 
from remaining specimens as fast as I can obtain time to 
make the examinations. 

Respectfully yours, 


JOS. C. KENT. 


Office Cooper Iron Works, April 11, 1864. 

S. J. Tilden, Esq.: 

Dear Sir, —Specimen No. 4 contains— 

85 per cent, oxide iron, 

38 per cent, oxide manganese, 

15 per cent, silica. 

Balance, water and loss. 

This ore would be of no use to work alone in a furnace, 
but would be a valuable material to work with the red oxides, 
—the quality of the iron from which would lie benefittcd by 
the mixture. 

Respectfully yours, 


JOS. C. KENT. 



53 


Office Cooper Iron Works, April 15,1864. 

S. J. Tilden, Esq.: 

Dear Sir,— Specimen No. 5 is a very superior red oxide. 
It yields 63 per cent, metallic iron, and contains sufficient 
manganese to make it work well in the furnace and produce 
good iron. It is a very close-grained ore, and has a steely 
fracture, similar to some of our old Andover ore. I have 
always found that ore of this character made the best of iron. 

Respectfully yours, 

JOS. C. KENT.. 


Office Cooper Iron Works, April 18, 1864. 

S. J. Tilden, Esq.: 

Dear Sir, —Specimen No. 6 is a micacious red oxide, 
yielding 57.14 per cent, metallic iron, and a small quantity 
of manganese,—a valuable ore for the furnace, and one that 
will make good iron. Respectfully yours, t 

JOS. C. KENT. 


Office Cooper Iron Works, April 22,1864. 
Saml. J. Tilden, Esq. : 

Dear Sir, —Specimen No. 7 is a silicious red oxide, and 
yields 47.15 per cent, metallic iron. 

No. 8 is also a red oxide, containing 51.42 per cent, metal¬ 
lic iron, and is also silicons. I find no manganese in either 
of the above specimens, but they are ores that would work 
well in a blast-furnace. The series of eight ores would prove 
very valuable for working ores in the blast-furnace. 

Respectfully yours, 

J. C. KENT. 































• 


; 






' 




































: 














































54 


45 Summer Street, Boston, ) 

June 7th, 1864. j 

Horatio Bigelow, Esq., 

Land Agent of the St. Mary’s Canal Mineral Land Company: 

Dear Sir, —Allow me to make the following brief statement of the 
condition of the railroad companies in the Lake Superior region, which I 
represent, in order to correct some inaccuracies which I have observed in 
a pamphlet, entitled “ St. Mary’s Canal Mineral Land Company—Iron 
Lands,” (pages 19 to 23, inclusive,) which, if unnoticed by us, might lead 
to misapprehension. 

First. The iron for most of the first twenty miles of the Marquette and 
Ontonagon Railroad (from the Lake Superior Iron Mine to Lake Michi- 
gamig,) was bought last December, and a large part is already being laid. 
The whole twenty miles are under contract and will be finished by June 
1st, 1865, without fail. Business will be done as far as the “ St. Clair ” 
Iron Mountain, (12 miles,) the present season. 

Second. These companies intend to finish both their roads in good 
faith, within the limits of their respective land grants. 

Third. The rates over both these roads will be adjusted on as liberal a 
scale as possible, to the benefit of all our customers. 

Fourth. The Bay de Noquet and Marquette Railroad Company has 
never refused to receive or ship any freight offered it over the “ Ely ” or 
Middle Dock, and is now vigorously engaged in building a new and • 
commodious dock for the exclusive use of its customers who have no dock 
of their own, which dock will be finished during this season. 

Fifth. The average rate of down freights on iron ore and pig iron, for 
1863, averaged only 5 t 6 q 2 7 cents per ton per mile, instead of 6^°^, as stated 
by Mr. d’Aligny in the pamphlet referred to. This being in currency is 
equal to a deduction of nearly 50 per cent, from the same rate when gold 
was the standard, and all expenses were nearly 50 per cent, lower. Be¬ 
sides this, we make a considerable reduction upon the excess in freight of 
any company that ships over 40,000 tons, which Mr. d’Aligny entirely 
overlooks. Instead of our rates being “ about the highest ever charged,” 

I am prepared to show that other railroads in Michigan charge even 
higher rates on the same articles over equally short distances, and on 
cheaper built roads. 

Yours, very respectfully, &c., 

JOSEPH F. GREENOUGH, 

Treasurer of 11 Bay de Noquet and Marquette Railroad” 

and “ Marquette and Ontonagon Railroad.” 




























> t 

















* 



- 




. 










• 






’ 






















A 






' 
















' 






. 







































































* 















